The new mobilisation act: policies, target groups and consequences for Ukrainians living abroad

Abstract

Since February 24, 2022, Ukraine has been under general mobilisation and martial law due to Russian military aggression. In response to this prolonged conflict, the Ukrainian government has introduced a new Mobilisation Act (effective from May 18, 2024). This act has sparked significant discussion as it revises regulations on military service, mobilisation, and military registration.

The new Mobilisation Act will not only impact Ukrainians who currently reside in Ukraine, but also the millions of Ukrainians who have fled to or live in other countries.

In this policy brief, we present the main changes that the new Mobilisation Act entails for Ukrainian citizens living abroad and discuss some of the dilemmas it entails for the European governments hosting them.

Key changes include mandatory updates of personal data in the military register for all Ukrainian males aged 18–60 within 60 days and re-registration for males living abroad permanently within 30 days. While data updates can be done electronically, there may be a requirement for a new medical examination in Ukraine. Non-compliance could result in higher fines, a driving ban, and restrictions on consular services.

The act also lowers the mobilisation age limit from 27 to 25 and removes the "limited suitability for military service" status. The act introduces stricter rules for deferment, impacting students abroad, and mandates basic military service/training for men aged 18–25, although it's currently unclear if this requires returning to Ukraine. Women’s registration remains voluntary, with some eased requirements for those with medical or pharmaceutical education.

Through the new Mobilisation Act, the Ukrainian government aims to enhance control over mobilisation, potentially intensifying the process. This poses dilemmas for Ukrainian society, citizens abroad, and European countries hosting refugees.