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Inclusive and Women-friendly in a time of Diversity? The Scandinavian citizenship regime the childcare lesson

Thun, Cecilie
Journal article, Peer reviewed
This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution 3.0 license.
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URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10642/2961
Date
2015
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  • LUI - Institutt for barnehagelærerutdanning [210]
Original version
Thun, C. (2015). Inclusive and Women-friendly in a time of Diversity? The Scandinavian citizenship regime–the ‘childcare lesson’. Nordic Journal of Social Research, 6.   http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/njsr.v6i0.516
Abstract
In this article, I ask: Is the Scandinavian citizenship regime inclusive and

women-friendly in a time of diversity? I approach this question by addressing

the intersection of gender and ethnicity in relation to social citizenship with the

main concern being childcare. I emphasize Norway as a case but also see

Norway in comparison with Sweden and Denmark. In comparative studies, the

Scandinavian citizenship regime is presented as being the most ‘womenfriendly’.

However, faced with an increasingly multicultural population, a

pertinent question is whether this citizenship model is able to accommodate

diversity. I explore two tensions that are basic to the inclusiveness and

women-friendliness of the Scandinavian citizenship regime in diverse

societies: 1) The tension between principles of gender equality and cultural

diversity, and 2) the tension between liberating and controlling aspects of the

welfare state. This article discusses the Norwegian family policy ‘hybrid’,

which combines dual-earner support with traditional breadwinner elements.

One might say that the Norwegian family ‘hybrid’ can be a solution to the

tension between, on the one hand, a specific gender-equality family norm,

and, on the other hand, the respect for other family norms. However, I argue

that there is a double standard with regard to minority women, and it can be

understood in light of a discourse about Norwegianness. Parental choice is

considered a good thing – as long as the mother in question is considered

‘fully’ Norwegian. However, assumed cultural and ethnic differences – often based on stereotypical collective categories of difference – are used as

boundary-markers between the majority and minorities. I conclude that,

despite variations, all the Scandinavian countries grapple with the same

tensions, and that there is a Scandinavian double standard regarding minority

women.
Publisher
Bergen Open Access Publishing
Series
Nordic Journal of Social Research;6

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