The political and religious impact on the development of school education and health services in Lebanon: A literature review

Abstract

Title: The political and religious impact on the development of school education and health services in Lebanon: A literature review Objective: To get better knowledge and understand the role of political and organizational practices and religious actions in the emergence and implementation of the welfare services to learn for potential improvement or change.

Aim of the study: It aims to examine the political and organizational practices besides religious initiatives to provide school education and health care services in Lebanon. Also, investigates their role in the path of allocation of these services.

Method: A systematic approach to literature review. A conducted integrative literature review to collect relevant data from different publications over 40 years. It was followed by a thematic analysis to analyze the candidate studies.

Results: Findings reveal that the combination of historical political practices and religious interference in social and health services’ provision, have contributed to the emergence of the welfare services provision and implementation of the current provision’s pattern of school education and health care services.

Discussions: studies agreed on the circumstances back the emergence of the welfare system in Lebanon, and they supported the political and religious actions’ role in its start and evolution. But they disagreed on their role in the state institutions’ weakness. Further they agreed on the religious actions’ role in the emergence and development of welfare services provision, but they disagreed on the motives behind their involvement in service provision, and their role in the path taken in the provision of education and health services in Lebanon.