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Extreme Traumatization: Conceptualization and Treatment from the Perspective of Object-Relations and Modern Research

Varvin, Sverre
Chapter, Peer reviewed
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URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10642/8600
Date
2018-10
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  • HV - Institutt for sykepleie og helsefremmende arbeid [1297]
Original version
Varvin S: Extreme Traumatization: Conceptualization and Treatment from the Perspective of Object-Relations and Modern Research. In: Huppertz. Approaches to Psychic Trauma. Theory and Practice, 2019. Rowman & Littlefield International p. 307-321  
Abstract
In the last century civilians increasingly became targets in wars, totalitarian regimes and

internal wars. This trend continues into this century. The basic unity in all societies, the

family in its different forms, is thus increasingly under attack in these war zones, with serious

consequences for the mental health and the development of its members.

Responses to Traumatization

The accepted use of trauma concepts is highly problematic. The word “trauma” implies

something static and reified, like a “thing” in the mind, and this usage tends to divert attention

towards the dynamic and reorganizing processes in the traumatized person’s mind, body and

relations to others that happens after being exposed to atrocities. These are processes that

depend on the level of personality organization, on past traumatizing experiences, on the

circumstances during atrocities and, most importantly, on the context that meets the survivor

afterwards. It is the person’s responses to atrocity as well as the responses of others and of

societies as a whole that to a large degree determine the fate of the traumatized person and her

group. Research has convincingly confirmed the importance of the response to the

traumatized afterwards, beginning with Hans Keilson’s seminal work on Jewish children

survivors after the second world war and also later researches (Gagnon and Stewart 2013;

Keilson and Sarpathie 1979; Simich and Andermann 2014; Ungar 2012). Psychoanalysis is

one such societal response, both in its practical therapeutic form and as a comprehensive

theory for understanding the mind’s relation to the body and the general context of the

trauma.
Publisher
Rowman & Littlefield International
Series
Approaches to Psychic Trauma. Theory and Practice;

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