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Effects of early pregnancy BMI, mid-gestational weight gain, glucose and lipid levels in pregnancy on offspring's birth weight and subcutaneous fat: A population-based cohort study

Sommer, Christine; Sletner, Line; Mørkrid, Kjersti; Jenum, Anne Karen; Birkeland, Kåre Inge
Journal article, Peer reviewed
© 2015 sommer et al.; licensee bio med central. this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. the creative commons public domain dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10642/3283
Date
2015-04-03
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  • HV - Institutt for rehabiliteringsvitenskap og helseteknologi [323]
Original version
Sommer, C., Sletner, L., Mørkrid, K., Jenum, A. K., & Birkeland, K. I. (2015). Effects of early pregnancy BMI, mid-gestational weight gain, glucose and lipid levels in pregnancy on offspring’s birth weight and subcutaneous fat: a population-based cohort study. BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth, 15(1), 1.   http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0512-5
Abstract
Background: Maternal glucose and lipid levels are associated with neonatal anthropometry of the offspring, also

independently of maternal body mass index (BMI). Gestational weight gain, however, is often not accounted for.

The objective was to explore whether the effects of maternal glucose and lipid levels on offspring’s birth weight

and subcutaneous fat were independent of early pregnancy BMI and mid-gestational weight gain.

Methods: In a population-based, multi-ethnic, prospective cohort of 699 women and their offspring, maternal

anthropometrics were collected in gestational week 15 and 28. Maternal fasting plasma lipids, fasting and 2-hour

glucose post 75 g glucose load, were collected in gestational week 28. Maternal risk factors were standardized using

z-scores. Outcomes were neonatal birth weight and sum of skinfolds in four different regions.

Results: Mean (standard deviation) birth weight was 3491 ± 498 g and mean sum of skinfolds was 18.2 ± 3.9

mm. Maternal fasting glucose and HDL-cholesterol were predictors of birth weight, and fasting and 2-hour glucose

were predictors of neonatal sum of skinfolds, independently of weight gain as well as early pregnancy BMI, gestational

week at inclusion, maternal age, parity, smoking status, ethnic origin, gestational age and offspring’s sex. However,

weight gain was the strongest independent predictor of both birth weight and neonatal sum of skinfolds, with a 0.21

kg/week increased weight gain giving a 110.7 (95% confidence interval 76.6-144.9) g heavier neonate, and with 0.72

(0.38-1.06) mm larger sum of skinfolds. The effect size of mother’s early pregnancy BMI on birth weight was higher in

non-Europeans than in Europeans.

Conclusions: Maternal fasting glucose and HDL-cholesterol were predictors of offspring’s birth weight, and fasting and

2-hour glucose were predictors of neonatal sum of skinfolds, independently of weight gain. Mid-gestational weight

gain was a stronger predictor of both birth weight and neonatal sum of skinfolds than early pregnancy BMI, maternal

glucose and lipid levels.
Publisher
BioMed Central
Series
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth;15(1)

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