• Animated Backgrounds on the Web Reduce Reading Speed: Some Empirical Evidence from a Remote Experiment 

      Vital, Ana Flávia; van der Baan, Mark; Stenberg, Øyvind Ødegård; Sandnes, Frode Eika (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;Volume 13308, Proceedings, Part I, Conference object, 2022-06-16)
      It is generally considered a bad practice to place animations as back-grounds to text. There are many convincing arguments against using animated backgrounds, yet there are few empirical studies that have assessed effects ...
    • Are Split Tablet Keyboards Better? A Study of Soft Keyboard Layout and Hand Posture 

      Aschim, Thomas Bekken; Gjerstad, Julie Lidahl; Lien, Lars Vidar; Tahsin, Rukaiya; Sandnes, Frode Eika (Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2019;volume 11748, Chapter; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Soft Qwerty keyboards are widely used on mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones. Research into physical keyboards have found split keyboards to be ergonomically better than ordinary physical keyboards. Consequently, ...
    • BRIDGE: Administering Small Anonymous Longitudinal HCI Experiments with Snowball-type Sampling 

      Sandnes, Frode Eika (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;Volume 12935, Conference object, 2021-08-26)
      When following participants across multiple sessions one needs a way to link the different session records while protecting the participants’ privacy. Privacy is required by recent legislation such as the General Data ...
    • A Comparison of Form Navigation with Tabbing and Pointing 

      Ferner, Bernt; Gåsøy, Adrian; Nicolaysen, Martin Walberg; Sandnes, Frode Eika (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;, Chapter; Peer reviewed; Conference object; Journal article, 2023)
      The form is a widely used metaphor in information gathering. Users typically navigate between form elements using a keyboard or a pointing device. This study set out to empirically compare tabbing and pointing in form ...
    • Developing heuristics for evaluating the accessibility of digital library interfaces 

      Ferati, Mexhid; Beyene, Wondwossen (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence;, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017)
      Digital libraries are important resources for the education of all, including people with disabilities. Designing their interfaces to include broader range of users has been a challenge, partly because to evaluate their ...
    • Exploration of computational thinking based on bebras performance in webduino programming by high school students 

      Chen, Jian-Ming; Wu, Ting-Ting; Sandnes, Frode Eika (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;Volume 11003; Innovative technologies and learning, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-09-06)
      The 12-year Basic Education Curriculum Guidelines by the Ministry of Education in Taiwan includes learning performances related to computational thinking and programming languages in technology courses. The students will ...
    • Exploring learning behavior transformation patterns in an AR English system: A study of gender differences 

      Huang, Yu-Che; Wu, Ting-Ting; Huang, Yueh-Ming; Sandnes, Frode Eika (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;Volume 11003; Innovative technologies and learning, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-09-06)
      The aim of this research is to explore learners' learning behavior differences in a customized augmented reality (AR) English learning system (CARELS) by analyzing the learners' behavioral history. The results show that ...
    • Exploring Multilingual Word Embedding Alignments in BERT Models: A Case Study of English and Norwegian 

      Aaby, Pernille; Biermann, Daniel; Yazidi, Anis; Borges Moreno e Mello, Gustavo; Palumbo, Fabrizio (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;, Chapter; Peer reviewed; Conference object; Journal article, 2023)
      Contextual language models, such as transformers, can solve a wide range of language tasks ranging from text classification to question answering and machine translation. Like many deep learning models, the performance ...
    • Exploring the Usability of the LCH Color Model for Web Designers 

      Sandnes, Frode Eika (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;, Chapter; Peer reviewed; Conference object; Journal article, 2023)
      Although the LCH color models have been around for many years, it has just recently been included in web specifications and is currently being implemented by browser vendors. Several voices argue that the LCH color model ...
    • FLINK: An Educator’s Tool for Linking Inaccurate Student Records 

      Sandnes, Frode Eika (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;, Chapter; Peer reviewed; Conference object; Journal article, 2023)
      Although many areas within the education sector have been subjected to digitalization, including electronic storage and processing of student infor-mation, student-administrative tasks are still often handled manually. One ...
    • Image Search Versus Text Search Revisited: A Simple Experiment Using a Kahoot Quiz 

      Eide, Signe Aanderaa; Poljac, Ana-Maria; Sandnes, Frode Eika (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;Volume 12768, Conference object, 2021-07-03)
      Information search is a common task when interacting with computers. Many studies have investigated the characteristics that facilitate effective search, specifically the use of icons and/or text. This study reports a ...
    • An image-based visual strategy for working with color contrasts during design 

      Sandnes, Frode Eika (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;Computers Helping People with Special Needs; 10896, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-06-26)
      Many websites do not satisfy minimum contrast requirements. One reason could be that designers must select colors through trial and error using contrast calculators. This paper presents a visual framework for working with ...
    • Improving resource discovery and access through user-controlled adaptation: Exploring the role of library metadata 

      Beyene, Wondwossen; Aasheim, Marius Wiker (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence;volume 10908, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-06-06)
      Accessibility of library search tools is measured not only by their adherence to accessibility guidelines, but also by the ease they offer users to find accessible resources. This makes library metadata an object of study ...
    • Improving the robustness to input errors on touch-based self-service kiosks and transportation apps 

      Sandnes, Frode Eika (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;10896; Computers Helping People with Special Needs, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-06-26)
      Text input is cumbersome on public self-service kiosks and apps. Applications often provide prefix-based text suggestions to speed up input, but the input must be correct. However, application specific lists are usually ...
    • LiDAR-Based Obstacle Detection and Distance Estimation in Navigation Assistance for Visually Impaired 

      Kuriakose, Bineeth; Shrestha, Raju; Sandnes, Frode Eika (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;Volume 13309, Conference object, 2022-06-16)
      People with visual impairments can face challenges with independent navigation and therefore may use traditional aids such as guide dogs, white canes, or a travel companion for navigation assistance. In recent years, ...
    • LightLayers: Parameter Efficient Dense and Convolutional Layers for Image Classification 

      Jha, Debesh; Yazidi, Anis; Riegler, Michael Alexander; Johansen, Dag; Johansen, Håvard D.; Halvorsen, Pål (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;Volume 12606, Conference object, 2021-02-21)
      Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become the de-facto standard in computer vision, as well as in many other pattern recognition tasks. A key drawback of DNNs is that the training phase can be very computationally expensive. ...
    • A mobile app supporting exercise adherence for people with Parkinson's disease 

      Upsahl, Kristoffer; Vistven, Annette Faber; Bergland, Astrid; Chen, Weiqin (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;Volume 10897, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-06-26)
      Researches have shown that physical exercise in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an effective method reduce or limit the progress of the disease and improve physical and psychological health. However, exercise ...
    • Multi-switch scanning keyboards: A theoretical study of simultaneous parallel scans with QWERTY layout 

      Sandnes, Frode Eika; Eika, Evelyn; Medola, Fausto Orsi (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;10907; Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Methods, Technologies, and Users, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-06-05)
      Scanning keyboards can be useful aids for individuals with reduced motor function. However, scanning input techniques are known for being very slow to use because they require waiting for the right cell to be highlighted ...
    • On Online Banking Authentication for All: A Comparison of BankID Login Efficiency Using Smartphones Versus Code Generators 

      Vinbæk, Ellen Opsahl; Pettersen, Frida Margrethe Borge; Carlsen, Jonas Ege; Fremstad, Karl; Edvinsen, Nikolai; Sandnes, Frode Eika (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence;volume 11572, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Authentication is an essential component of any digital service. In Norway, such authentication is often relying on BankID using either mobile BankID or a code generator. This study set out to explore the efficiency of ...
    • On the Convenience of Speeding Up Lecture Recordings: Increased Playback Speed Reduces Learning 

      Ness, Ida; Sandnes, Frode Eika; Opdal, Kathinka (Lecture Notes in Computer Science;Volume 13117, Conference object, 2021-11-23)
      Audio and video lectures give students much freedom to study where and when they like. These digital media formats usually also give students flexibility to choose the playback speed. In this study we conducted a simple ...