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dc.contributor.authorØiestad, Britt Elin
dc.contributor.authorHilde, Gunvor
dc.contributor.authorTveter, Anne Therese
dc.contributor.authorPeat, George G.
dc.contributor.authorThomas, Martin J.
dc.contributor.authorDunn, Kate M.
dc.contributor.authorGrotle, Margreth
dc.date.accessioned2020-01-28T14:10:38Z
dc.date.accessioned2020-01-29T13:49:45Z
dc.date.available2020-01-28T14:10:38Z
dc.date.available2020-01-29T13:49:45Z
dc.date.issued2019-08-21
dc.identifier.citationØiestad BE, Hilde G, Tveter AT, Peat, Thomas, Dunn KM, Grotle M. Risk factors for episodes of back pain in emerging adults. A systematic review. European Journal of Pain. 2019:1-20en
dc.identifier.issn1090-3801
dc.identifier.issn1090-3801
dc.identifier.issn1532-2149
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10642/8022
dc.description.abstractBackground and Objective: The transition from adolescence to adulthood is a sensitive period in life for health outcomes, including back pain. The objective was to synthesize evidence on risk factors for new episodes of back pain in emerging adults (18–29 years). Methods: The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016046635). We searched Medline; EMBASE; AMED and other databases up to September 2018 for prospective cohort studies that estimated the association between risk factor(s) and self‐reported back pain. Risk factors could be measured before or during the age range 18–29 years, and back pain could be measured during or after this age range, with at least 12 months between assessments. Risk factors assessed in ≥3 studies were summarized. Risk of bias was assessed using a 6‐item checklist. Results: Forty‐nine studies were included with more than 150 different risk factors studied. Nine studies had low risk of bias, 26 had moderate and 14 had high risk of bias. Age, sex, height, body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity level, a history of back pain, job satisfaction and structural imaging findings were investigated in three or more studies. History of back pain was the only risk factor consistently associated with back pain after adjustment (nine studies). Conclusion: There is moderate quality evidence that a history of back pain is a risk factor for back pain. There are inconsistent associations for age, sex, height, BMI, smoking and activity level. No associations were found between job satisfaction and structural imaging findings and back pain. Significance: Emerging adulthood is a transitional period of life with changes in life style, potentially influencing future musculoskeletal health. This systematic review included 49 articles evaluating more than 150 potential risk factors for back pain, one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders. No consistent results were found for life style factors such as physical activity level or BMI, both highlighted as important risk factors in previous literature. Importantly, a previous episode of back pain was a consistent risk factor for a new episode of back pain across several studies, and further investigation of risk factors for the first back pain episode is needed.en
dc.description.sponsorshipOslo Metropolitan University funds BEØ, ATT, GH and MG through research positions. A start up grant from OsloMet was given for this project to GH, ATT, GP and MJT. MJT is currently supported by an Integrated Clinical Academic Programme Clinical Lectureship from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and Health Education England (HEE; ICACL‐2016‐02‐014).en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.relation.ispartofseriesEuropean Journal of Pain;Volume 24, Issue 1
dc.rightsThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.en
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectRisk factorsen
dc.subjectBack painsen
dc.subjectAdultsen
dc.subjectSystematic reviewsen
dc.titleRisk factors for episodes of back pain in emerging adults. A systematic reviewen
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.typePeer revieweden
dc.date.updated2020-01-28T14:10:38Z
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen
dc.identifier.doihttps://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1474
dc.identifier.cristin1730812
dc.source.journalEuropean Journal of Pain


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This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.