• General self-efficacy in the Norwegian population: Differences and similarities between sociodemographic groups 

      Bonsaksen, Tore; Lerdal, Anners; Heir, Trond; Ekeberg, Øivind; Skogstad, Laila; Grimholt, Tine Kristin; Schou-Bredal, Inger (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      Aims: General self-efficacy (GSE) refers to optimistic self-beliefs of being able to perform and control behaviors, and is linked with various physical and mental health outcomes. Measures of self-efficacy are commonly ...
    • Optimists report fewer physical and mental health conditions than pessimists in the general Norwegian population 

      Bredal, Inger Schou; Bonsaksen, Tore; Heir, Trond; Skogstad, Laila; Lerdal, Anners; Grimholt, Tine Kristin; Ekeberg, Øivind (Health Psychology Report;7 (1), Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-03)
      Background: Several studies have found that optimism is associated with better health. However, all those studies have investigated the subject in a specific context: gender, age group, diagnosis, situation, or population ...
    • Population-based norms of the Life Orientation Test–Revised (LOT-R) 

      Bredal, Inger Schou; Heir, Trond; Skogstad, Laila; Bonsaksen, Tore; Lerdal, Anners; Grimholt, Tine Kristin; Ekeberg, Øivind (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017)
      Background/Objective: The most common used instrument to measure optimism, both in psychological and medical research, is the Life Orientation Test- Revised (LOT-R). A multi-countries study using the future item from the ...
    • Self-diagnosed depression in the Norwegian general population - associations with neuroticism, extraversion, optimism, and general self-efficacy 

      Bonsaksen, Tore; Grimholt, Tine Kristin; Skogstad, Laila; Lerdal, Anners; Ekeberg, Øivind; Heir, Trond; Bredal, Inger Schou (BMC Public Health;18:1076, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-08-29)
      Background: Multi-item rating scales for depression informs about the level of depression, but does not allow individuals to state by self-evaluation whether they feel depressed or not. The insider perspective on depression ...
    • Self-evaluated anxiety in the Norwegian population: Prevalence and associated factors 

      Bonsaksen, Tore; Heir, Trond; Ekeberg, Øivind; Grimholt, Tine Kristin; Lerdal, Anners; Skogstad, Laila; Bredal, Inger Schou (Archives of Public Health;77, Article number: 10 (2019), Journal article, 2019-03-18)
      Background: Self-evaluations of mental health problems may be a useful complement to diagnostic assessment, but are less frequently used. This study investigated the prevalence of self-evaluated current and lifetime anxiety ...
    • Self-rated global health in the Norwegian general population 

      Bonsaksen, Tore; Ekeberg, Øivind; Skogstad, Laila; Heir, Trond; Grimholt, Tine Kristin; Lerdal, Anners; Bredal, Inger Schou (Health and Quality of Life Outcomes;17, Article number: 188 (2019), Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-09)
      Background. Prevalence studies are needed to assess the distribution of diseases. However, in a contrasting health promotion perspective, self-rated health is in itself an important field of study. This study investigated ...
    • Serious life events and post-traumatic stress disorder in the Norwegian population 

      Heir, Trond; Bonsaksen, Tore; Grimholt, Tine Kristin; Ekeberg, Øivind; Skogstad, Laila; Lerdal, Anners; Bredal, Inger Schou (BJPsych Open;5(e82), Journal article; Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Background It has been suggested that countries with more resources and better healthcare have populations with a higher risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Norway is a high-income country with good public ...
    • Sexual assault and the association with health, quality of life and self-efficacy in the general Norwegian population 

      Bredal, Inger Schou; Bonsaksen, Tore; Ekeberg, Øivind; Skogstad, Laila; Grimholt, Tine Kristin; Lerdal, Anners; Heir, Trond (Journal of Interpersonal Violence;, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020-06-09)
      The lifetime prevalence of sexual assault was examined in a representative sample of the general Norwegian adult population (n¼1,792), in addition to the association between sexual assault and health, quality of life, ...
    • Substance use in the Norwegian general population: Prevalence and associations with disease 

      Bonsaksen, Tore; Skogstad, Laila; Grimholt, Tine Kristin; Heir, Trond; Ekeberg, Øivind; Lerdal, Anners; Bredal, Inger Schou (Journal of Substance Use;, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-13)
      Objective: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of substance use in the Norwegian general population and examine whether the risk of various psychiatric or somatic diseases varied according to alcohol- and substance ...