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Gestational diabetes, insulin resistance and physical activity in pregnancy in a multi-ethnic population - a public health perspective

Jenum, Anne Karen; Richardsen, Kåre Rønn; Berntsen, Sveinung; Mørkrid, Kjersti
Journal article, Peer reviewed
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URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10642/1898
Date
2013
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  • HV - Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics [237]
Original version
Jenum, A.K., Richardsen, K.R., Berntsen, S. & Mørkrid, K. (2013). Gestational diabetes, insulin resistance and physical activity in pregnancy in a multi-ethnic population - a public health perspective. Norsk Epidemiologi, 23(1), 45-54  
Abstract
Aims: To summarize findings from the STORK-Groruddalen Study regarding ethnic differences in the

prevalence of gestational diabetes (GDM) by the WHO and modified International Association of Diabetes

and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria (no one hour value), insulin resistance, β-cell function and

physical activity (PA) level.

Methods: Population-based cohort study of 823 healthy pregnant women (59% ethnic minorities). Data

from questionnaires, fasting blood samples, anthropometrics and objectively recorded PA level (SenseWear

Armband), were collected at <20 (Visit 1) and 28±2 (Visit 2) weeks of gestation. The 75-g OGTT was

performed at Visit 2. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) were estimated from

venous fasting plasma glucose and C-peptide.

Results: The GDM prevalence was 13.0% with the WHO and 31.5% with the IADPSG criteria. The ethnic

minority women, especially South Asians, had highest figures. South and East Asian women had highest

HOMA-IR at Visit 1 after adjustment for BMI. HOMA-IR increased from Visit 1 to Visit 2 irrespective of

ethnic origin. Compared with Western European women, the absolute and percentage increase in HOMA-β

from Visit 1 to Visit 2 was poorest for the South and East Asian women. All ethnic groups walked less and

spent less time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during weekend days compared with

weekdays. South Asian women were least active, measured by steps and by time spent in MVPA.

Conclusion: Alarmingly high rates of GDM were found, highest among South Asians. South Asian women

were less physically active, more insulin resistant and showed poorer β-cell compensation compared with

Western Europeans
Publisher
Norsk forening for epidemiologi
Series
Norsk Epidemiologi;23(1)

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