Use of over-the-counter analgesics in Norwegian children – a national cross-sectional study

Abstract

Aims: We aimed to examine the proportion of recent use of over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics among Norwegian children aged 10 to 12, and explore the relationship between a wide array of factors, both within and outside the indications for use of the medication and recent use of OTC analgesics in this age group. Methods: Data were drawn from the nationwide, population-based Ungdata Junior study in Norway, encompassing children aged 10 to 12 (N= 102,919). We examined factors both within (recurrent pain in different parts of the body) and beyond (repeated bullying, depressive symptoms, screen time and organised activity frequency) medication indications by means of logistic regression. Covariates and background variables included sleep duration, frequency of sports activities, gender, age and socioeconomic status. Results: The results revealed a high prevalence of recent OTC analgesic use (23.7%). Associations were noted with factors both within and beyond the medication’s indications for use. Specifically, adjusted for all variables, recurrent headache (OR = 2.93, 95% CI = 2.81–3.05) and pain (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.11–1.21), depressive symptoms (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.15–1.22) and repeated bullying (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.02–1.14) were significantly linked with an increased risk of recent OTC analgesic use. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a potential misuse of OTC analgesics early in life and raise concerns about potential overuse and unhealthy coping strategies. Enhancing children’s and parents’ understanding of pain and stress management may improve health behaviours and mitigate potential adverse effects from OTC analgesic use.