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dc.contributor.advisorReindl, Johann
dc.contributor.authorHemm, Kristoffer
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-20T08:58:23Z
dc.date.available2021-10-20T08:58:23Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2824035
dc.description.abstractThis thesis studied whether including the information contained in the first day IPO returns can be used to improve forecasts of the performance of financial markets. The S&P 500 index was used as a proxy for the financial market. The thesis utilized Hamilton’s (1989) regime switching model in identifying the regimes in the training data. All the models contained two regimes, representing bull and bear markets. The first model was a regime switching (RS) model on the S&P 500 log returns, in the second model the VIX and the TED spread were added as regressors, in the third model the first day IPO returns was also added as a regressor. A GARCH(1,1) model was also be fitted to the S&P 500 log returns. The RS models and the GARCH model’s performance was compared on pseudo out-of-sample performance during the first quarter of 2020. In addition, each RS model were back tested using Markowitz (1952) portfolio optimization theory, and compared to a portfolio created by an AR(1) model on the S&P 500 log returns that did not allow for regime switching. The back testing was done in the time period extending from January 1990 until December 2019. The results of the study showed that IPO returns had a non-statistically significant positive correlation with the S&P 500 log returns. In the negative returns regime, the IPO returns showed the highest level of significance, with a p-value of 0.1915. The results of the pseudo out-of-sample forecasts showed that the model that included the IPO returns performed the worst when forecasting the S&P 500 log returns during the first quarter of 2020. The best performing model in forecasting was the RS model that included the VIX and the TED spread as regressors, which even outperformed the GARCH model. The GARCH model outperformed the other RS models in the pseudo out-of-forecast. In back testing, there was a different story. Here, the best performing model was the RS model that included the IPO returns, which marginally outperformed the S&P 500 RS model. All the RS models outperformed the model that did not allow for regime switching. The RS model that included IPO returns had a holding period return that was 0.3% higher than the S&P 500 RS model. This comparison was done without considering the costs associated with trading. The S&P 500 RS model required rebalancing 9 times during the period, whereas the RS model that included the IPO returns required rebalancing 48 times in the same time period. These results indicate that adding IPO returns to the models did not add value to either the pseudo out-ofsample forecasts or in portfolio optimization.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan Universityen_US
dc.subjectIntial public offeringsen_US
dc.subjectMarkowitzen_US
dc.subjectPortfolio optimizationen_US
dc.subjectRegime switchingen_US
dc.titleIPOs, regime switching and optimal portfolio allocationen_US
dc.typeMaster thesisen_US
dc.description.versionsubmittedVersionen_US


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