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dc.contributor.authorFasmer, Ole Bernt
dc.contributor.authorJohansen, Espen Borgå
dc.date.accessioned2016-12-01T09:45:50Z
dc.date.accessioned2017-03-14T13:04:35Z
dc.date.available2016-12-01T09:45:50Z
dc.date.available2017-03-14T13:04:35Z
dc.date.issued2016-12-01
dc.identifier.citationBehavioral and Brain Functions 2016, 12(32):1-13language
dc.identifier.issn1744-9081
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10642/4272
dc.description.abstractBackground: Increased motor activity is a defining characteristic of patients with ADHD, and spontaneously hyper - tensive rats have been suggested to be an animal model of this disorder. In the present study, we wanted to use linear and non-linear methods to explore differences in motor activity patterns in SHR/NCrl rats compared to Wistar Kyoto (WKY/NHsd) rats. Methods: A total number of 42 rats (23 SHR/NCrl and 19 WKY/NHsd, male and female) were tested. At PND 51, the animals’ movements were video-recorded during an operant test procedure that lasted 90 min. Total activity level and velocity (mean and maximum), standard deviation (SD) and root mean square successive differences (RMSSD) were calculated. In addition, we used Fourier analysis, autocorrelations and two measures of complexity to characterize the time series; sample entropy and symbolic dynamics. Results: The SHR/NCrl rats showed increased total activity levels in addition to increased mean and maximum veloc- ity of movements. The variability measures, SD and RMSSD, were markedly lower in the SHR/NCrl compared to the WKY/NHsd rats. At the same time, the SHR/NCrl rats displayed a higher complexity of the time series, particularly with regard to the total activity level as evidenced by analyses of sample entropy and symbolic dynamics. Autocorrelation analyses also showed differences between the two strains. In the Fourier analysis, the SHR/NCrl rats had an increased variance in the high frequency part of the spectrum, corresponding to the time period of 9–17 s. Conclusion: The findings show that in addition to increased total activity and velocity of movement, the organiza- tion of behavior is different in SHR/NCrl relative to WKY/NHsd controls. Compared to controls, behavioral variability is reduced in SHR/NCrl at an aggregate level, and, concomitantly, more complex and unpredictable from moment-to- moment. These finding emphasize the importance of the measures and methods used when characterizing behav- ioral variability. If valid for ADHD, the results indicate that decreased behavioral variability can co-exist with increased behavioral complexity, thus representing a challenge to current theories of variability in ADHD.language
dc.language.isoenlanguage
dc.publisherBioMed Centrallanguage
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.language
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectADHDlanguage
dc.subjectSHRlanguage
dc.subjectWKYlanguage
dc.subjectBehavioral variabilitylanguage
dc.subjectMotor activitylanguage
dc.subjectVideo-analyseslanguage
dc.titlePatterns of motor activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats compared to Wistar Kyoto ratslanguage
dc.typePeer reviewedlanguage
dc.typeJournal article
dc.typeJournal article
dc.date.updated2016-12-01T09:45:50Z
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionlanguage
dc.identifier.doihttp://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-016-0117-9
dc.identifier.cristin1406947


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© The Author(s) 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 
(
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, 
provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, 
and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (
http://creativecommons.org/
publicdomain/zero/1.0/
) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Med mindre annet er angitt, så er denne innførselen lisensiert som © The Author(s) 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.